Test and Treatment of The Disease Syndrome

Complete AIS:
-Can not use Androgens at all
-Looks female
-Prevents the development of the penis and other male body parts
-No uterus
-Sparse armpit and pubic hair .
-At puberty,female secondary sex characteristics(e.g. Breasts develop,but menstruation and fertility do not)


Partial AIS(Reifenstein Syndrome):
Normal female,Both male and female or Normal male sexual characteristics
Associated with hypospadias
Gynecomastia
Cryptorchidism
Included in the broad category of incomplete AIS is infertile male syndrome

Mild AIS:
A)Appears male
B)Often infertile
C)Tend to develop female breasts at puberty

How common is AIS?
-CAIS affects 2 to5 per 100.000 male births
-CAIS is rarely discovered during childhood
-PAIS is at least as common as CAIS
-MAIS is much less common
-Both PAIS and MAIS are discovered during childhood

Signs:
-Vagina present but no cervix or uterus
-Normal female breast development
-Testes in the inguinal canal,labia or abdomen
-Inguinal hernia with palpable gonad

Tests for this disease:
Make special hormone tests.
XY karyotyping (the presence of one X and one Y SEX chromosome indicates male gender)
Sonogram-shows an absent uterus or intra abdominal testes
Androgen receptor studies may confirm the syndrome

Treatment of the illness:
-The testis may be removed
-Estrogen replacement after puberty
-Support of gender identity
-Treatment and gender assignment can be a very comlex issue and must be individualized with great care